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Canon de 155 C modèle 1915 St. Chamond
The Canon de 155 C modèle 1915 Saint-Chamond was a French howitzer used during World War I. It was based on a private prototype of a howitzer presented to the Mexican Govt. in 1911. The French Govt. ordered 400 Saint-Chamond howitzers in 1915, these were delivered starting in late 1916. Small numbers of Saint-Chamond howitzers were given to the Serbian and Romanian Armies towards the end of World War 1. The Saint-Chamond howitzer served in the French Army after World War 1 and were mobilised at the outbreak of World War 2. Finland bought 24 Saint-Chamond howitzers during the Winter War and these served until the 1960s. The German Army captured 200 Saint-Chamond howitzers after the fall of France and used these as field guns and coastal defence guns until the end of World War 2.
==Development and Production==
FAMH (Compagnie des forges et aciéries de la marine et d'Homécourt), commonly known by the FAMH main factory location - Saint-Chamond, developed a heavy howitzer as a complementary artillery piece to the Mondragon-designed field guns Saint-Chamond had built for the Mexican Army. The prototype howitzer was presented to the Mexican Govt. in 1911 but did not result in a production order. In 1913 the Saint-Chamond prototype howitzer was demonstrated to the French Army but there was no official interest since it was thought the Canon de 155 C Mle 1904 TR Rimailho howitzer satisfied the heavy howitzer requirements of the French Army. In 1915, the French Army conducted a series of unsuccessful attacks on German trench lines. After the Second Battle of Artois in May 1915 an analysis of the performance of the artillery showed that the Rimailho howitzers were incapable of delivering the volume of fire required by extant artillery doctrine. This
doctrine required that heavy howitzers should deliver an intense bombardment on enemy trench lines just before an infantry attack. Gen. Joffre, the French Army Commander-in Chief, demanded new heavy howitzers which were capable of sustained high rates of fire and had sufficient range to minimise the effects of counter-battery fire. 400 howitzers were ordered from Saint-Chamond in June 1915. However, production delays meant that the Saint-Chamond howitzers didn't enter service until the Autumn of 1916. The Saint-Chamond howitzers were delivered at a rate of 50 howitzers/month and once the order was complete Saint-Chamond produced the Canon de 155 C modèle 1917 Schneider under licence until the end of the war. In 1917 a modified Saint-Chamond howitzer was prototyped which increased the max. range to match that of the Schneider howitzer but this wasn't taken up because of concerns about disrupting production of the Schneider howitzer.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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